First- and second-generation antihistamines and their physicochemical properties

This article explores the pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis (AR) and urticaria, focusing on oral antihistamine treatment and their physicochemical properties. It compares first- and second-generation options, highlighting their lipophilicity blood–brain barrier penetration, effects on the central nervous system and potential interactions with food and drinks. By Chrysa Giannellis, Consultant Pharmacist and Managing Director, Hummingbird Pharmaceutical